Symbols for HTML and Excel use

Font Tables as Rendered by your browser (fonts.htm -- CODE, Hex, CHAR, bold, symbol,  webdings, wingdings, wingdings 2, wingdings 3)
Unicode (new page), and Unicode through 16000 as a zipfile.  See newsgroup thread
ASCII Codes (ASCII Symbol Names, Hex, Octal, Decimal values)
 
SYMBOLS for HTML and Excel use (this page)
Wingdings character set and equivalent Unicode characters
Excel characters as seen in the US (windows-1252) (symbols_excel.htm)
HTML 4.0 Entities, The higher part of ISO-8859-1 (codes from 160-255) can all be used using character entity names.
Escapes (entities), tokens (symbols.htm#escapes)
Checkmarks, Tickmarks (symbols.htm#ticks)
Symbols coded as &#___; in HTML (symbols.htm#htmlsym)
Keying Characters into MS Excel (symbols.htm#msExcel) use of CharMap
Symbols in Table by their SGML entity names (#entity)
EBCDIC (#EBCDIC)
Comments and Related Information (#related)

To create a tickmark symbol in Excel, Change the font to "Wingdings 2" and type in a Capital "P"; If you don't know the character to use, you can find it in the Character Map.  Unlike MS Word you must change the the font, simply pasting from the CharMap is not sufficient.

The use of " was accidentally dropped from the HTML 3.2 standard but is probably universally accepted -- use " to conform to standard.  Should no longer affect anyone as HTML 3.2 is now rather old.

Front Page 98 incorrectly inserts ™ into HTML that does not work with Netscape. [ref]

Front Page uses Ctrl+Shift+Space to generate a non-breaking space character ( ), which is much easier than Alt+0160 on a laptop but does not work in Excel.

A service mark (^SM) can be generated in HTML with <small>^SM</small> and a trademark ^(TM)) can be generated in HTML with <small>^(TM)</small> if there is the possibility of incompatibility of character sets.  misspelling: trade mark

Articles of interest: On the use of some MS Windows characters in HTML concerning the MS Windows character set additions (chars 128-159) to ISO 8859-1, when seen by non-Windows users (particularly Unix), and ISO Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) and ISO Latin 1.

"Special" Windows characters [130-159] and their ISO 10646 equivalents. 
Standard refrain for HTML usage is to refrain from using "Special" Windows characters in HTML.

Windows characters 130-159 (x'80'-x'8F') are considered invalid by W3C standards, though widely recognized and in use from the 1980's and now registered as the windows-1252 code page (Win-Latin1) at IANA [ref ref.] and are described in The ISO 8859 Alphabet Soup document.

ASCII - ISO 8859-1 Table with HTML Entity Names, The following table lists all known HTML entity names along with their ASCII / ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) character names and codes, if any. Most of these HTML entity names are those of the ISO 8879 entity sets. Note that the first 128 character codes of any of the ISO 8859 character sets is always identical to the ASCII character set.

Possible Background Colors.  This page is using FFFEF4.    [fffef4]

Symbols coded as &#___; in HTML   (#htmlsym)

Character Map  (START, Programs, Accessories)     can be added to your Excel Toolbar or Toolbar menu The Euro represented by 0128 is a Microsoft convention, but if it is is selected and copied with the COPY button, it will be available in paste.  Also note the number will be shown in the lower right corner and can be keyed in as follows:       Alt+0128 on the numeric keypad (Num Lock on).        On a laptop use  Fn+Alt+0128 on numeric keypad with NumLock off.  You will see this form with subset: Windows Characters; otherwise, you will see hexidecimal characters.  See code for Character Map below. Use 4 digits with ALT key, refer to MS-DOS Codepage 437 (US) or 850 (Multilingual Latin 1) to see how Alt+0176 is same as Alt+248 (both of these old codepages have the box characters).  A more modern code page is Windows Code Page 1252. Excel:  superscript, subscript, and strikeout are available by selecting character(s) on formula bar then using Format, Cells, (font tab), choice of font attributes can also include colors.

Mathematical symbols in HTML see Related at bottom.

Keying Characters into MS Excel   (#msExcel)

Referring to the above table (characters displayed depend on the translation table used)

To type the paragraph symbol (¶), use ALT+0182, the number must be from the numeric keypad

For Excel to use a different font you must use the font drop down box.  In word if you copy a character you copy both the character and the font.

Sub showCharMap()
 Dim vCharMap as String 
 'vCharMap = Shell("C:\Windows\CharMap.exe", 1)
 vCharMap = Shell("C:\winnt\system32\CharMap.exe", 1)
End Sub

The Euro currency symbol - euro FAQ on the MS KB.  takes on greater importance as the euro is now in use.  How to obtain fonts and how to key in.  The symbol appears as a large C with two cross bars €, if you see it here properly you have been updated.  WinNT 4.0 SP4 updated my system.  On US keyboards (FAQ footnote) use the numeric keypad Alt+0128 (with or w/o num lock). 

Concerning that the Euro symbol does not appear in the Latin-1 char map with Arial, for instance.  I expect that the WWW3 folks have not approved anything for the reserved Chars 128-159, which correspond with reserved Chars 0-31 (that's 00-1F, and 80-9F)
    START --> Accessories --> Char Map
It is found in the Windows character set six characters after lowercase z.

More Euro information:
http://www.microsoft.com/OpenType/faq/faq12.htm
http://www.microsoft.com/typography/fontpack/default.htm
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/euro.asp
http://www.microsoft.com/typography/news/whatsnew.htm
http://europa.eu.int/euro/html/home5.html?lang=5 The European Commission's Web site on the euro
http://europa.eu.int/euro/html/calendrier5.html?lang=5 -- Euro Timetable, coins & currency Jan 1, 2002.

And if you have updated your Excel look in HELP
F1 (Help) --> answer wizard --> Euro --> Entering, displaying, and printing the euro sign

72° 14' 32" -- Displaying Latitude & Longitude, code as time by dividing degrees by 24 to appear as hours, and format the cell as [h]° mm' ss\"  under Format|Custom where the degree symbol is typed ALT+0176 on the numeric keypad.  Nautical Waypoints, example file, "great circle & rhumb line" by Vedran Cetkovic For formatting a temperature: #"°F"

This HTML page will Convert Latitude / Longitude in Degrees/Minutes/Seconds to/from Decimal (FCC) USA, HTML utility permits the user to convert latitude and longitude between decimal degrees and degrees, minutes, and seconds.  For convenience, a link is included to the National Geodetic Survey's NADCON

Note:  0176 is the degree symbol, 0186 looks similar is actually a superscript zero and is a little larger. 

Additional examples of the above decimal conversions can be found on my formula page.

If you need to sort a column of alphabetic characters and numbers in an EBCDIC simulation in Excel see sorting for an abbreviated solution that sorts letters and numbers and equal(=) and minus(-).

Excel has it's own collating sequence for sorting.  Numbers are sorted before text, text is sorted in the following order (upper and lowercase sort equal).  The following table shows the Excel collating sequence for text cells char(32) to Char(127).

Related Excel Newsgroup articles:  inputting symbols (this article not found 2000-05-29).

See My Excel Pages if you would like to see more of what I have written about MS Excel.

Symbols in Table by their SGML entity names (#entity)

ISO Latin 1 Character Entity Set

The following public text lists each of the characters specified in the Added Latin 1 entity set, along with its name, syntax for use, and description.  This list is derived from ISO Standard 8879:1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN.  HTML includes the entire entity set. Another version of this listing based on ISO-8859-1 can be found at http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html-spec/html-spec_13.html

<!-- (C) International Organization for Standardization 1986
     Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
     conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in
     ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.
-->
<!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation:
     <!ENTITY % ISOlat1 PUBLIC
       "ISO 8879-1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN//HTML">
     %ISOlat1;
-->
<!--    Modified for use in HTML
$Id: ISOlat1.sgml,v 1.2 1994/11/30 23:45:12 connolly Exp $ -->
<!ENTITY AElig  CDATA "&#198;" -- capital AE diphthong (ligature) -->
<!ENTITY Aacute CDATA "&#193;" -- capital A, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY Acirc  CDATA "&#194;" -- capital A, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY Agrave CDATA "&#192;" -- capital A, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY Aring  CDATA "&#197;" -- capital A, ring -->
<!ENTITY Atilde CDATA "&#195;" -- capital A, tilde -->
<!ENTITY Auml   CDATA "&#196;" -- capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY Ccedil CDATA "&#199;" -- capital C, cedilla -->
<!ENTITY ETH    CDATA "&#208;" -- capital Eth, Icelandic -->
<!ENTITY Eacute CDATA "&#201;" -- capital E, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY Ecirc  CDATA "&#202;" -- capital E, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY Egrave CDATA "&#200;" -- capital E, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY Euml   CDATA "&#203;" -- capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY Iacute CDATA "&#205;" -- capital I, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY Icirc  CDATA "&#206;" -- capital I, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY Igrave CDATA "&#204;" -- capital I, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY Iuml   CDATA "&#207;" -- capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY Ntilde CDATA "&#209;" -- capital N, tilde -->
<!ENTITY Oacute CDATA "&#211;" -- capital O, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY Ocirc  CDATA "&#212;" -- capital O, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY Ograve CDATA "&#210;" -- capital O, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY Oslash CDATA "&#216;" -- capital O, slash -->
<!ENTITY Otilde CDATA "&#213;" -- capital O, tilde -->
<!ENTITY Ouml   CDATA "&#214;" -- capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY THORN  CDATA "&#222;" -- capital THORN, Icelandic -->
<!ENTITY Uacute CDATA "&#218;" -- capital U, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY Ucirc  CDATA "&#219;" -- capital U, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY Ugrave CDATA "&#217;" -- capital U, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY Uuml   CDATA "&#220;" -- capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY Yacute CDATA "&#221;" -- capital Y, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY aacute CDATA "&#225;" -- small a, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY acirc  CDATA "&#226;" -- small a, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY aelig  CDATA "&#230;" -- small ae diphthong (ligature) -->
<!ENTITY agrave CDATA "&#224;" -- small a, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY aring  CDATA "&#229;" -- small a, ring -->
<!ENTITY atilde CDATA "&#227;" -- small a, tilde -->
<!ENTITY auml   CDATA "&#228;" -- small a, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY ccedil CDATA "&#231;" -- small c, cedilla -->
<!ENTITY eacute CDATA "&#233;" -- small e, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY ecirc  CDATA "&#234;" -- small e, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY egrave CDATA "&#232;" -- small e, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY eth    CDATA "&#240;" -- small eth, Icelandic -->
<!ENTITY euml   CDATA "&#235;" -- small e, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY iacute CDATA "&#237;" -- small i, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY icirc  CDATA "&#238;" -- small i, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY igrave CDATA "&#236;" -- small i, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY iuml   CDATA "&#239;" -- small i, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY ntilde CDATA "&#241;" -- small n, tilde -->
<!ENTITY oacute CDATA "&#243;" -- small o, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY ocirc  CDATA "&#244;" -- small o, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY ograve CDATA "&#242;" -- small o, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY oslash CDATA "&#248;" -- small o, slash -->
<!ENTITY otilde CDATA "&#245;" -- small o, tilde -->
<!ENTITY ouml   CDATA "&#246;" -- small o, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY szlig  CDATA "&#223;" -- small sharp s, German (sz ligature) -->
<!ENTITY thorn  CDATA "&#254;" -- small thorn, Icelandic -->
<!ENTITY uacute CDATA "&#250;" -- small u, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY ucirc  CDATA "&#251;" -- small u, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY ugrave CDATA "&#249;" -- small u, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY uuml   CDATA "&#252;" -- small u, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY yacute CDATA "&#253;" -- small y, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY yuml   CDATA "&#255;" -- small y, dieresis or umlaut mark -->

EBCDIC (#EBCDIC)

One problem with EBCDIC is that, on different code pages, the same code point might be used for different characters.

Table 1: Examples of National Character Assignments in EBCDIC:
EBCDIC      EBCDIC Character (hexadecimal code point)
Language(s)    Code Page   4A  4F  5A  5B  5F  6A  7B  7C  A1  C0  D0  E0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. English     CP037      ¢   |   !   $   ¬   ¦   #  @   ~   {   }   \
U.K. English     CP285      $   |   !   £   ¬   ¦   #  @   ­   {   }   \
Austrian/German  CP273      Ä   !   Ü   $   ^   ö   #  §   ß   ä   ü   Ö
Danish/Norwegian CP277      #   !   ¤   Å   ^   ø   Æ  Ø   ü   æ   å   \
Finnish/Swedish  CP278      §   !   ¤   Å   ^   ö   Ä  Ö   ü   ä   å   É
French           CP297      °   !   §   $   ^   ù   £  à   ¨   é   è   ç
Italian          CP280      °   !   é   $   ^   ò   £  §   ì   à   è   ç
Spanish          CP284      [   |   ]   $   ¬   ñ   Ñ  @   ¨   {   }   \
International    CP500      [   !   ]   $   ^   ¦   #  @   ~   {   }   \
=========================================================================

Punch card codes are included but not the newer characters added to various codepages; and therefore, avoids additional problems related to codepages.  The table includes the characters used in Assembler, COBOL, FORTRAN, PL/I, and REXX as used on mainframes.

Warning the punches marked along the right and bottom are over simplified and ONLY apply to cells which are showing a value.  There are MANY exceptions including the following which appear in the chart.  THIS AREA NEEDS A LOT MORE WORK.  ALSO translations to or from ASCII are not consistent or reversible.  Translations depend on your systems.

Comments and Related Information (#related)

Related Materials

• Codepages, MS-DOS Codepage 437 (US) and MS-DOS Codepage 850 (Multilingual Latin 1) – Charsets Index, brief history of codepages
• A tutorial on character code issues
• Math in HTML (and CSS), Mathematical Symbols in HTML by Jukka K. Korpela.  Includes a brief history of this aspect of HTML. 
• http://gopher.decus.org:70/0gopher_root13%3a[vms94a.kermit.e]pirard.txt (won't work with AOL browser)
• ASCII-EBCDIC
• Excel's Color Palette and other related color things.
• Font information, related area on Fonts page (links)
• Key Stuck:  looking for information equating the hex number for a key with the keyboard key.  Found a couple of pages that look like they may be the answer but neither seems to match what I was thinking and KEY Number – PharLap E.T.S. Keyboard Driver Foreign Language Application Notes and the another is http://web.textfiles.com/computers/EDDYHAWK/book3-b
• RFC 1345: Character Mnemonics & Character Sets
• Symbolizer Addin, Chip Pearson, to access about 200 special symbols from Excel, for people who do not want to use the CharMap which can be accessed from Excel as described earlier.
• Unicode characters 00 to FF
• Unicode (on this site)
• Unicode characters supported by the Arial Unicode MS font ⋆

Other Comments

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